Dry Eye Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Remedies

Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a common condition that occurs when your tears aren't capable of providing adequate lubrication for your eyes. It's a pervasive issue that affects a large portion of the population, particularly those over the age of 50. Dry eye syndrome can result from a variety of factors, including environmental conditions, health issues, certain medications, and aging.

Having dry eyes occasionally is common and usually not a cause for concern. However, persistent dryness, itchiness, redness, or a feeling of having something in your eyes could indicate dry eye syndrome. The effects might seem negligible, but if left untreated, this condition can lead to significant complications, including eye infections and damage to the surface of the eye.

Causes of Dry Eye Syndrome

One primary cause of dry eye syndrome is a decrease in tear production. This can occur as a result of aging, certain medical conditions like diabetes, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders, or as a side effect of some medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants, and drugs for high blood pressure, acne, and Parkinson's disease.

Another common cause is increased tear evaporation. This can happen for several reasons, such as wind, dry air, smoke, or being in high altitudes. It can also occur if you don't blink often enough, which is common among people who stare at computer screens for extended periods.

Finally, an imbalance in the composition of your tears can also lead to dry eye syndrome. Tears are a mixture of oil, water, and mucus. Any issue with these components can cause dry eyes.

Common Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome

Recognizing the symptoms of dry eye syndrome is the first step in seeking appropriate treatment. The most common symptom, unsurprisingly, is a persistent dryness in the eyes. However, this syndrome can manifest in several ways. Other common symptoms include itching, redness, a burning sensation, and a feeling of grit or debris in the eye.

Additionally, those with dry eye syndrome may experience blurry vision or eye fatigue, particularly after reading or using a computer for a prolonged period. Oddly enough, dry eye syndrome can also cause excessive tearing or watery eyes. This is because the dryness can irritate your eyes, leading to an overproduction of the watery component of your tears.

In severe cases, individuals may experience sensitivity to light, difficulty wearing contact lenses, and in extreme cases, loss of vision. However, permanent loss of vision from dry eye syndrome is rare.

Effective Remedies for Dry Eye Syndrome

Thankfully, dry eye syndrome is a manageable condition. There are several effective remedies that you can try to alleviate the symptoms. Over-the-counter treatments are readily available, such as artificial tear drops, ointments, and eyelid cleansers. These options can provide temporary relief from dry eyes.

Another simple remedy is applying a warm compress to your eyes. The heat from the compress encourages the glands that produce the oil in your tears to work more efficiently. This oil helps prevent your tears from evaporating too quickly.

Lastly, consuming foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids or taking supplements can help alleviate symptoms. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, chia seeds, and flaxseeds, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, which can help improve the function of the oil-producing glands in the eyes.

Lifestyle Changes to Manage Dry Eye Syndrome

In addition to the remedies mentioned above, making certain lifestyle changes can also help manage dry eye syndrome. For instance, if your work involves spending long hours in front of a computer, it's essential to take regular breaks. Follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

If you live in a dry climate or use air conditioning or heating frequently, consider using a humidifier to add moisture to the air. This can reduce tear evaporation. Additionally, wearing sunglasses outdoors, especially those designed to reduce exposure to wind and dust, can also help.

Ensure you stay hydrated, as dehydration can exacerbate dry eye symptoms. Drinking plenty of water and eating a diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E can help maintain healthy eyes.

When to Consult a Doctor for Dry Eye Syndrome

While occasional dry eyes are normal, it's important to consult a doctor if you experience persistent symptoms of dry eye syndrome. If left untreated, this condition can lead to more serious complications, including eye infections and corneal ulcers.

You should seek medical attention if you experience persistent dryness, sensitivity to light, redness, and blurred vision. If over-the-counter eye drops and lifestyle changes are not relieving your symptoms, it may be time to consult a healthcare professional.

Conclusion

Dry eye syndrome is a common but often overlooked condition. While it can cause discomfort and interfere with daily activities, it's important to remember that it's manageable and treatable. Whether through over-the-counter remedies, lifestyle changes, or medical treatments, there are many ways to alleviate the symptoms and improve your quality of life. 

If you're experiencing persistent dry eye, visit Jeffrey H. Brown Optometry at our Costa Mesa, California office. Call (714) 710-8062 to schedule an appointment today.